SOCIOL 101-8 The Past & Future of the Future: How We Think About Individual and Collective Futures
Individually and collectively, we think about what might happen. We consider the future over a range of time-horizons, from the immediate (what will happen in the next hour) to the distant (how will things look in a century). We worry about our own individual futures (will I have a job when I graduate from Northwestern?), we worry about other peoples’ futures (will my child get a job after they graduate from college?), and we worry about our collective futures (what will climate change do to our society over the next 50 years?). Frequently, we make plans for the future, either to create a future that we seek, or to avoid a future that is problematic. Public policy is often concerned with how to create better collective futures, and the tricky part is figuring out which alternatives are better than others, and for whom. Sometimes people make contingency plans, deciding what to do if something happens (for example, disaster planning). Such activity generally involves making two types of guesses: what will or could happen in the future, and what will our future preferences be about those various possibilities. In certain cases, the predictions we make are “self-fulfilling” in that the prediction helps to make itself come true (bank runs are a classic example). In this course, we will work through a series of examples where people have thought about the future, sometimes focused on its very specific features. Prompted by weekly required readings, we will discuss these examples seminar-style in order to hone our own thinking about the future.
Sociology is a field of study that examines how people and groups interact, navigate, and make decisions within the structure and constraints of their social world. Often these social processes go unobserved or unacknowledged, and sociologists treat it as their job to shed analytical light on how people experience and participate in society. Through sociological analysis, we can answer questions like: How did Evanston become largely segregated by race? Why is it illegal for people to sell their kidneys? Is suicide contagious? Why would someone pay for Instagram followers?
Sociology is a huge field of study, and includes and enormous variety of topics and methods. Each week, we will focus on a specific area of sociological study (Culture, Gender, Race, Family, Money, Deviance, etc.) with the goal of offering you a general overview of the types of questions sociologists ask and how they answer them. By the end of the quarter, you will be able to think sociologically about your own world, and hopefully develop a budding interest in one or more of the areas we discuss in class.
Law is everywhere. Law permits, prohibits, enables, legitimates, protects, and prosecutes. Law shapes our day-to-day lives in countless ways. This course examines the connections and relationships of law and society using an interdisciplinary social science approach. As one of the founders of the Law and Society movement observed, "law is too important to leave to lawyers." Accordingly, this course will borrow from several theoretical, disciplinary, and interdisciplinary perspectives (such as sociology, history, anthropology, political science, critical studies, and psychology) in order to explore the sociology of law and law's role primarily in the American context (but with some attention to international law and global human rights efforts). The thematic topics to be discussed include law and social control; law's role in social change; and law's capacity to reach into complex social relations and intervene in existing normative institutions and organizational structures.
This course introduces sociological approaches to economic institutions and behavior. The goal is to provide a set of sociological ideas to understand markets, prices, corporations, supply, demand, production, work, exchange, property, and other economic topics, in a different way.
A previous course in sociology is preferred but not required.
Gender studies have traditionally focused on women. Yet critical work on men and masculinities shows us how people of all genders are impacted by gender expectations and assumptions. Furthermore, studies of masculinities shed light on practical questions like, why do men die earlier than women? And, why are men more likely to commit mass shootings? In recent years, the public spotlight has cast light on savory and unsavory aspects of masculinity; think about the rise of the term “toxic masculinity,” the #MeToo movement, advertisements aimed at men, and blogs commenting on the behavior of men on the reality show The Bachelorette. In this course, we will go beyond banal statements like “men are trash” to critically ask, What role does masculinity play in social life? How is masculinity produced, and are there different ways to be masculine? What challenges do masculine people face, and how do they navigate them? This course provides students with an intensive introduction to the foundational theory and research in the field of masculinities studies. We will use an intersectional lens to study the ways in which the concept and lived experience of masculinity are shaped by economic, social, cultural, and political forces. As we study the institutions that socialize people into gender, we will examine how the gendered social order influences the way people of all genders perform masculinity as well as the ways men perceive themselves, people of other genders, and social situations. Verbally and in writing, students will develop an argument about the way contemporary masculinity is constructed and performed. Cross-listed with GSS 250-0.
SOCIOL 276-0 Introduction to Science and Technology Studies (STS)
Science and technology are implicated in some of the most pressing issues that face the contemporary world. What is the proper role of scientific experts in democratic policy-making? In what ways are climate change initiatives entangled with questions about distributive justice? If numbers are objective, why do public statistics seem to provoke more debates than they settle? In what sense is artificial intelligence a creature of modern capitalism? What kind of connection might there be between surveillance technologies and the history of colonialism? This course will introduce students to the field of Science and Technology Studies (STS) by way of exploring these questions. We will tackle a diverse set of readings in STS, sociology, anthropology, history, philosophy, and law, and our geographical focus will range across the Global North and the Global South. All students who are interested in thinking outside of conventional disciplinary boundaries are welcome to enroll. Students who complete the course will be exposed to new perspectives on widely accepted ideas like scientific objectivity, technological progress and expertise. Together we will explore how we can make science and technology work for society's needs, rather than society working towards scientific and technological progress.
We all interact with organizations. You are interacting with an organization right now. Much of everyday life, whether it is school, work, shopping, or eating occurs within the context of organizations. The goal of this course is to teach you to think analytically about the organizations you interact with. We will examine why organizations are the way they are, how scholar's understandings of organizations have changed over time, and how scholars today think about organizations.
SOCIOL 303-0 Analysis and Interpretation of Social Data
This course introduces statistics and data analysis for the social sciences, focusing on understanding, interpreting, and deploying data and statistical analysis to understand the social world.
The course begins without numbers, encouraging students to be critical and analytical of the data they encounter every day. Using examples from policy, journalism, and the election, students will practice reading, interpreting, and critiquing empirical analyses.
After gaining familiarity with the reasoning underlying data analysis, the second part of the course will introduce basic statistical analysis. Students will collect, analyze, and interpret data in an area of their interest. The goal is for students to critically engage with statistical topics – to understand the strengths, weaknesses, assumptions, and contributions of statistics to scientific understanding and exploration.
Finally, the course will explore how computation is remaking modern social understanding. Though a focus on machine learning and neural networks, students will explore the contribution of data to human knowledge, while also gaining insight on why such methods pose serious challenges to human well-being.
While not a programming course, students will do exercises and homework using free tools, such as google sheets and the statistical software “R”. Labs will be focused on gaining proficiency with these tools.
This course provides an overview of how human populations change through mortality, fertility, and migration. This year, we will give special attention to how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted mortality, fertility, and migration in the US and globally. Students will learn key concepts from the field of demography and be introduced to cutting-edge demographic research related to health disparities in the United States, the impact of HIV/AIDS on family life and longevity in Africa, migration patterns within and from Latin America, the reasons behind sex-selective abortions in parts of Asia, and the implications of the current low birthrates in many regions.
This course is a critical sociological look at education in the United States with a focus on contemporary debates and issues. The course will cover how sociologists have both theoretically and empirically looked at schooling practices, what students learn, and how schools fit into the larger society including how the educational system in the U.S. interacts with political, economic, familial, and cultural institutions. We will also spend much time examining how educational experiences and opportunities are shaped by multiple social statuses including gender, socioeconomic status, race and ethnicity. We will focus on K-12 and higher education including the transition to higher education. Throughout all of these issues and topics, we will consider how schools both challenge and support existing systems of inequality.
This course is an overview of the sociology of the family focusing on contemporary issues in the U.S. We will begin the course, however, by looking at the history of the family and how its form and roles within have changed historically. The course will pay particular attention to diversity in family experiences by social status including generation, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status and gender. We will also think about how the intersection of work and family lives differ greatly across demographic groups as well as addressing popular misconceptions regarding the integration of occupational and family lives. The aim of this course is for students to learn how sociologists have studied families in the U.S., understand general trends in how contemporary U.S. families live, explore issues of diversity among family experiences and structures, and contemplate how “the family” fits in with other social institutions, including the economy. Overall, the goal of the course is for students to become more engaged and critical of issues related to family life that are presented to us in our daily lives through the media, from politicians and family advocates, and in our interpersonal exchanges.
SOCIOL 329-0 Field Research and Methods of Data Collection
The goal of this course is to give students experience in qualitative research methodologies. Qualitative methods are a primary way that sociologists learn about the larger social world, develop theories, and make sense of complex situations and interactions. Qualitative methods allow sociologists to understand the world from the perspective of individuals and social groups and gain a better understanding of how the social world operates.
This course is an opportunity for students to critically examine what is often a taken-for-granted aspect of social life: gender. This course will involve learning about gender as well as applying gender theory. We will study a variety of theoretical approaches to the study of gender, with particular focus on how problems are identified and theories are developed. We will examine emergent cases of gender theorization – childhood gender and sexuality panics, bathroom surveillance, and the intersex experience, among others. By the end of the term, students will be able to 1) describe and compare theoretical anchors for the sociological study of gender and 2) in writing, apply gender theory to original ethnographic data. This is a reading-heavy upper division course and prior course experience in gender/sexuality studies (by way of taking Gender & Society or other course work) is strongly advised.
SOCIOL 376-0 American Politics and Policy from the New Deal
We live in a time of extremes. American political elites are deeply polarized, and economic inequality is the highest it has been in decades. Illiberal impulses have flared up in nearly every corner of our political system, most spectacularly in the Republican Party. At the same time, neither party has proven capable of forging a truly durable electoral majority, and the country has lurched back and forth between incompatible visions of American democracy. Public policy has fractured, coming significantly undone in some areas (e.g., financial regulation), while holding fast for now in other areas (e.g., Social Security). How did we get here? This course explores the thesis that the current extremes of our national situation stem from the persistent inability of our constitutional and political order to cope with the demands of globalization, postindustrialization, and multiracial democracy. Students will examine how the contours of the “risk settlement” embedded in the New Deal were set—that is, how Americans developed institutions that protected them (albeit imperfectly and incompletely) against the vicissitudes of life in a modern economy. They will then consider how this policy accommodation was challenged and transformed in subsequent decades, first by the events of the long 1970s, then by the events of the 1990s, and then again by the global financial crisis and its aftermath.
Lucha libre (Mexican professional wrestling) operates as a hybrid of physical sport and political theater, thriving on the reciprocal relationship between performers and audiences. Understanding the evolving social, cultural, and political dynamics unfolding outside the ring is therefore essential to making sense of the performances taking place inside it. This course uses lucha libre as an empirical site to provide students with the opportunity to deepen their knowledge of core sociological concepts and debates across cultural sociology, global and transnational sociology, and the sociology of gender and sexualities. Through this lens, we will explore how luchadoras/es’ bodies are constructed and commodified, how the meanings attached to these bodies are negotiated and contested across borders, and how communities mobilize around this spectacle to create alternative spaces of belonging when they are pushed to the margins of the arenas they once called home. Students will have the opportunity to apply the analytical and theoretical skills developed throughout the course to a cultural object of their choosing, examining how its meanings, practices, and representations are transformed as it moves across class, national, and/or racial boundaries.
Easy to Assemble? A Global Sociology of Infrastructure
What do dams, doorknobs, and the internet have in common? These have been considered by scholars to be kinds of infrastructure, which can refer to complex technological systems, or arrays of mundane objects, or massive constructions, or wide networks connecting human and non-human actors, or even naturally occurring ecologies that are integrated in human systems. How did all of these systems, and their myriad variations, come to shape human and non-human life as we know it? How are they resisted? What happens when they fail?
This seminar will be approached like a sociological “lab,” where we experiment with creative approaches towards the sociology of infrastructure. We engage with global scholarship to answer questions about the history and consequences of infrastructural projects, as well as how they become sites of knowledge and conflict.
This course is part of the quantitative methods sequence for graduate students in sociology. The main topic of the course is the theory and practice of linear regression analysis. We will cover multiple ordinary least squares regression, regression assumptions, regression diagnostics, data transformations, and issues in causal inference. If time permits, we may discuss other regression-based topics such as fixed and random effects models.
SOCIOL 406-3 Contemporary Theory in Sociological Analysis
This graduate seminar provides an overview of how different thinkers have conceived of modernity, the conditions under which society became “modern,” as well as modernity’s constituent parts, related processes, and alternatives. It puts theories of modernity in conversation with post/de-colonial critiques and the Black Radical Tradition.
This course is a general introduction to the sociology of law intended for graduate students in all disciplines. The sociology of law treats law as a social institution that is highly intertwined with other aspects of society, including social structure, social behavior, ideology, politics, culture, and the economy. This seminar will cover classic and contemporary works on central topics in the sociology of law, including: the interplay between law and social inequalities; the relation of law, rights, and social movements; the negotiated nature of regulation and enforcement; the relation of law and organizations; the role of litigants, lawyers, and judges as social actors; and legal culture and legal consciousness. The course takes a critical empirical approach to the relationship between law and society.
Much of the social world is stored in digital text. Such textual traces include social media posts, email correspondences, party manifestos, blogs, novels, newspaper articles, press releases, medical records, academic articles, and much more. Not only are archival data increasingly available in electronic form, but more and more human communication and interaction occurs natively through digital text. These vast amounts of data can be a treasure trove for social science – but to make them useful for our purposes, we need natural language processing and machine learning methods.
This class offers an overview of text analytical tools currently used in social science research. You will be introduced to a set of methods and provided with examples of how they are applied to answer concrete social science research questions. Beyond surveying approaches, we will explore some of the methods ourselves, and you will learn how to use them for your own work. In this class, we will use R. Therefore, some coding experience (or exceptional motivation to attain it independently alongside the class) is expected.
This graduate seminar provides an introduction to comparative and historical sociology. By attending to the development of the field, we will explore how social scientists pursue research and build theory using historical sources and comparison. Addressing this question involves understanding how we ask historical questions, select cases, design projects, and understand variation and temporal dynamics. We will also explore the practical aspect of comparative and historical research: figuring out how to locate records, engage with secondary source material, and interpret large bodies of collected text. This seminar will introduce students to the logic of inquiry behind comparative historical social science and offer guidance on the practical aspects of conducting such research.
This course is a survey of the modern sociological literature on social stratification and inequality. The course will examine key facts about inequality and how class background, race, and gender shape socioeconomic inequality. We will discuss theoretical and empirical approaches to studying stratification and explore key domains in which stratification is produced, reproduced, and manifested, such as families, schools, the labor market, and neighborhoods. The 2027 version will include a focus on the internet as a set of technologies that influence inequality. The course will focus mostly on the United States and OECD countries.
